Immune checkpoint inhibitors and other immunotherapies have fundamentally transformed cancer treatment. Yet, the patients encountered in daily clinical practice rarely resemble those enrolled in pivotal clinical trials. They are older, frequently affected by multiple chronic diseases, receive complex concomitant medications and exhibit profound biological diversity shaped by sex, age, genetics, metabolism, the microbiome, and environmental exposures.

As immunotherapy enters routine care, understanding this complexity has become one of the defining challenges of the field. How do co-morbidities alter anti-tumour immunity? Which commonly prescribed medications enhance—or compromise—therapeutic efficacy? How do ageing, sex, metabolic disorders, autoimmune diseases,or the treatment of immune-related adverse events influence clinical outcomes? More broadly, how can mechanistic immunology, translational research and real-world clinical evidence converge to deliver truly personalized immuno-oncology?

Real-Life Immuno-Oncology will bring together internationally recognized experts in tumour immunology, oncology, immunology, pharmacology, geriatrics, epidemiology, computational biology and clinical medicine to address these questions from complementary perspectives. Through interdisciplinary dialogue, the meeting will explore the biological and clinical determinants of treatment response beyond the controlled environment of clinical trials, highlighting emerging concepts, methodological innovations and opportunities to redefine patient stratification in the era of precision immunotherapy.

By placing patient context at the centre of scientific inquiry, this conference aims to shape a new research agenda for immuno-oncology—one that embraces the diversity of patients rather than treating it as confounding variability, and that translates fundamental discoveries into more effective, equitable, and durable cancer care.

The conference is organized with the involvement of the European Academy of Tumor Immunology (EATI) and the inIdEx « Immuno-Oncology » project of Université Paris Cité, bringing together leading academic institutions and researchers committed to advancing fundamental and translational cancer immunology. Together, these initiatives provide an exceptional platform to foster collaborations across disciplines and accelerate the integration of mechanistic insights with real-world clinical practice.